The patients having symptoms of a brain aneurysm should consult with Neurosurgeon in Faridabad

The brain contains a large number of blood vessels for transporting important chemicals in and out of the brain. In normal cases, these vessels are smooth without any structural abnormality. However, in some cases, these vessels form a bulb or balloon. This condition is known as a brain aneurysm. These balloons may rupture and cause a brain hemorrhage. The patients having symptoms of a brain aneurysm should consult with Neurosurgeon in Faridabad.

What Is Brain Aneurysm?

A brain aneurysm is a condition characterized by bulging or ballooning of blood vessels of the brain. There is a weak area in the blood vessel of the brain. This area, due to the constant flow of blood, worn out and bulges in the form of a hanging berry. As the blood vessel is weak from that position, it carries the risk of getting ruptured.
There are two types of brain aneurysms.

• Saccular aneurysms: This is the most common type of brain aneurysm. These aneurysms comprise of a neck and a dome. Aneurism is connected to the parent vessel through the neck.
• Fusiform aneurysm: This is a less common type of brain aneurysm. These aneurysms do not have definite neck and are widened from both sides of the arteries.
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What Is The Cause Of Brain Aneurysm?

Although the exact cause of brain aneurysm remains unknown, it is believed that aneurysm may be caused due to following reasons:

• Marfan’s syndrome: Formation of the connective tissue in the body is controlled by various genes. Any alteration in the functioning of these genes may result in weak arteries, not only in the brain but in other parts of the body. Marfan’s syndrome, which is a genetic condition, affects such genes.
• Brain Injury: Brain aneurysm may also be caused by brain injury. The traumatic brain injury causes tear in the brain tissues which may also lead to a brain aneurysm.
• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: This condition primarily affects the kidney and have an impact on the brain. While it causes cysts in the brain tissue, it also weakens the vessels. 
• Miscellaneous: Various other probable causative factor includes smoking, serious infection and chronic hypertensive condition.

What Are The Symptoms Of Brain Aneurysm?

In many cases, patients suffering from brain aneurysm do not experience any symptoms. The symptoms related to unruptured brain aneurysm include:

• Dizziness
• Seizures
• Blurred vision
• Vision changes
• Mild to severe headache

A ruptured brain aneurysm may have the following symptoms:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Lack of consciousness
• Neck stiffness
• Increased sensitivity to light
• Difficulty walking and speaking
• Sudden and severe headache.

Immediate medical intervention is required in patients with the symptoms of a ruptured aneurysm.

What Are The Risk Factors For Developing Brain Aneurysm?

Following are some factor that increases the risk of developing brain aneurysm:

• Age: Old age people are at higher risk of developing a brain aneurysm.
• High blood pressure: Because of the constant blood flow through blood vessels, the vessels become weak or worn out leading to a brain aneurysm.
• Cigarette smoking: Cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk of a brain aneurysm because smoking weakens the blood vessel which may result in bulging.
• Alcohol consumption: Alcohol consumption and its intensity also influence the development of brain aneurysms.
• Factors present by birth: Various congenital conditions may result in an increased risk of developing a brain aneurysm. These include Polycystic kidney disease, Cerebral arteriovenous malformation, Inherited connective tissue disorders, Abnormally narrow aorta, and Family history of a brain aneurysm.

How The Diagnosis Of Brain Aneurysm Is Done?

In many cases, brain aneurysm doe not show the symptoms and the condition is diagnosed while diagnosis other ailments. Following are some of the diagnostic techniques for diagnosing brain aneurysm:

• Imaging technique: Various imaging techniques such as MRI are employed to diagnose the disease. MRI angiography identifies the presence of an aneurysm.
• Cerebrospinal fluid test: The cerebrospinal fluid test may indicate the presence of blood cells in the region between the brain and thin tissue covering, the area known as subarachnoid space.
• Cerebral angiogram:Cerebral angiogram is the procedure in which a flexible tube has inserted the artery and it travels through the vessels in the brain. The results are drawn with the help of X-ray images obtained through the procedure.

What Is The Best Treatment Of Brain Aneurysm?

Following are the treatment options for brain aneurysm:

• Endovascular coiling: It is a less invasive procedure in which a soft wire is transported to the aneurysm and the wire coils up inside the aneurysm.
• Surgical clipping: Through brain surgery, the blood flow to the aneurysm is stopped.
• Management of symptoms and reduction of risk: Various drugs are used for these purposes such as Anti-seizure medications, analgesics or pain relievers and calcium channel blockers.
• Lifestyle changes: Healthy eating, doing routine exercise and staying away from recreational drugs, smoking and alcohol also helps to manage the symptoms of a brain aneurysm.

Treating Neurological Disorders Through Psychotherapy from Best Neurologist In Gurgaon

Psychotherapy is a method for treating mental illness by taking counseling from a psychotherapist. Although all the cases are not treated through psychotherapy and other methods of treatment such as medications or surgeries are generally recommended in various neurological disorders, psychotherapy can also be used as an adjuvant therapy along with the main treatment in these cases. For getting the best benefit from psychotherapy treatment, the patient should consult the best neurologist in Gurgaon.

What Is Psychotherapy?

Psychotherapy is a type of talk therapy and is recommended for people who have mental illness and are emotionally challenged. Psychotherapy infuses the controlling power in the patient and they learn to control their emotions in a bothersome environment.

Psychotherapy allows the patients to manage their emotions, feelings, moods, behaviors, and thoughts. Various names are given to this therapy such as psychosocial therapy, counseling or talk therapy.

The therapy is done in different sessions and may either on a group basis or individual basis. Many neurologists use the combination of medications and psychotherapy to obtain the best results for their patients.

In Which Conditions Psychotherapy Is Required?

There are various types of psychotherapy and the type is recommended based on the condition of the patient. Different conditions require different psychotherapy approaches. Psychotherapy is not only helpful in case of mental illness, rather it is equally useful in the management of day-to-day stresses and conflicts.

Following are some of the conditions requiring psychotherapy:

• Schizophrenia: It is a psychotic disorder in which the person is not linked with reality. Psychotherapy could be a valuable option in such circumstances.
• Eating disorders: Eating disorders such as bulimia, binge eating or anorexia also requires the services of a psychotherapist.
• Mood disorders: Through psychotherapy, the person should be able to manage mood alterations as seen in bipolar disorder and depression.
• Addictions: The person can also be de-addicted through psychotherapy. Additions may include alcoholism, smoking, compulsive gambling and drug dependence.
• Anxiety disorders: Psychotherapy, along with the drugs and other treatment options, plays a vital role in managing anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
• Personality disorders: Psychotherapy is also effective in patients suffering from a dependent personality disorder or borderline personality disorder.
• Trauma: Psychotherapy is usually used in life-changing situations or trauma such as the death of loved ones, significant business loss, and divorce.
• Medical illness: Medical illness may lead to mental illness. The patient is under depression and holds a negative attitude towards life. Psychotherapy helps the patients in getting him out of depression.

What Are The Various Psychotherapies For Treating Neurological Disorders?

Although various types of psychotherapy exist but following are some of the most effective psychotherapy:

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy: It is one of the best approaches to managing neurological disorders. Various studies indicate the efficacy of CBT in treating neurological disorders. This therapy can change the nervous system dysfunctions. CBT modifies the neural circuits that are involved in regulating fear extinctions and negative emotions. This therapy also plays a major role in children in the management of functional neurological symptoms including seizures. 
• Interpersonal psychotherapy: This therapy is generally used to treat mood disorders. This approach is evidenced-based and time-limited. Through interpersonal psychotherapy, the therapist aims to reduce the distress in the person which is caused due to social functioning and interpersonal relationships. It is used to manage social isolation, grief such as the death of loved ones, life-changing situations such as divorce and interpersonal conflicts such as in between partners, parents or couples.
• Acceptance and commitment therapy: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is generally used in Functional Movement disorders. The patient suffering from this disorder have motor symptoms such as dystonia and tremor. Some may also experience limb weakness. Studies indicate that apart from the use of this therapy in pain management, this therapy may also be used to manage mental disorders and chronic diseases including those affecting the nervous system.
• Dialectical behavior therapy: This is an evidence-based therapy and is used in the management of borderline personality disorder. Studies indicate its use in targeting amygdala hyperactivity for emotional regulation. The efficacy of this therapy may also extend to reduce the number of suicidal attempts by adults.
• Supportive psychotherapy: Supportive therapy is highly effective in cases of severe personality disorders. This therapy is used to revive the self-esteem, adaptive skills, and ego functions. It also infuses the ability to cope with low socio-economic status, low level of education and other depressing circumstances related to life.
• Psychodynamic and psychoanalysis therapies: These therapies are used in the management of depression and to treat the patients who have lost the meaning in their life. These therapies are also used to manage social anxiety disorder, eating disorder and addictions.

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery In Gurgaon by Best Spine Surgeon In Gurgaon

What do you need to know?

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) is a newfound, alternative method to the traditional open surgery which was used to manage various spinal conditions. Of late the use of MISS is becoming increasingly popular due to the many benefits that it has over open surgery.

How is MISS performed?

It is an endoscopic procedure, which means that the surgeon will only make 3-4 small incisions on your back, compared to the tradition large incision. Through these incisions the surgeon will then pass the endoscope, a thin tube fitted with a camera, as well as small instruments, which can all be controlled from the outside. The surgeon will also make use of real time X-ray imaging to visualize the spine and the corrections which are being done.

What kind of spine conditions can be treated with MISS?

The following spinal disorders can be successfully treated using MISS:

• Degenerative spinal disease – which occurs as a result of wear and tear in the discs. Which leads to abnormalities in the shape and structure of the disc, which then leads to abnormal movements of the lumbar spine leading to pain.
• Disc herniation – is a condition where part of the intervertebral disc is pushing into the spinal canal and pressing on the nerves which are exiting the vertebral column leading to pain. This herniation can occur as a result of degeneration or due to sudden lifting of a heavy weight.
• Canal stenosis – is the narrowing of the spinal canal which can be caused as a result of disc herniation, or swelling and bone spur formation due to osteoarthritis. Stenosis will lead to nerve compression and pain.
• Scoliosis – is a spinal deformity arising as a result of the sideward curving of the spine resembling an ‘’S’’ or ‘’C’’, and is a condition which commonly affects children.

For all of the above mentioned conditions, surgeons prefer to opt for MIS fusion procedures, which is stabilizing the spine using bone grafts to make the vertebral column more stable, using minimally invasive techniques. Minimally invasive spinal fusions are done on the thoracic and lumbar spine, and the most commonly performed minimally invasive surgeries are:

• Minimally invasive spine lumbar discectomy – which is performed for herniated discs in the lumbar region which cause pain in the lower limbs such as what occurs in sciatica. A small incision is made in the region of the back where the herniated disc is located, and using the endoscopic tools the surgeon will remove a part of the herniated disc
• Minimally invasive spine lumbar fusion - are surgeries where two or more lumbar vertebrae that make up the column are joined together. It involves the preparation of the intervertebral disc space by removing the disc and replacing it with Peek Cage, Bone, allograft or other implants which will hold the adjacent vertebrae in place. Rods and screws might also be used following this in order to provide further stability. There are three common approaches to this surgery, which include:
• Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) – where the incision is made on the patient’s back
• Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion – where the incision for access to the vertebrae is made on the patient’s abdomen anteriorly
• Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion – where the incision is made on the patient’s back, but the vertebral column is approached from the side. 

Why should I opt for MISS and not open surgery?

The reason more and more people are opting for MISS than open surgery is because of the many benefits it has to offer both the patient and the surgeon. These include:

• Few small incisions and scar instead of one large incision and scar, which is thought to be a better option cosmetically
• Less damage to surrounding tissue and less blood loss during surgery
• Reduced risk of infection
• Reduced post-operative pain
• Shortened recovery period and hospital stay, with quick return to daily activities and work

How safe is this procedure?

Endoscopic techniques have been practice for many, many years. Initially they were used only for diagnostic purposes, but later came into use therapeutically as well. Surgeons undergo special training to learn how to handle the instruments used in endoscopic procedures, and these instruments themselves are considered precision tools which have a very high accuracy rate. Therefore minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) is considered to be safe method of spine surgery, which is becoming popular world over.

What are the possible risks involved with MISS?

Undergoing any type of surgery in the spine comes with its potential risks and with MISS too. Listed below are some of the possible risks you will be taking if you decide to undergo minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS).

• Complications of anesthesia
• Injury to the nerves or spinal cord
• Excessive bleeding
• Formation of blood clots
• Leakage of cerebro-spinal fluid
• Infection

Is there any preparation required before I undergo MISS?

Preparing yourself for minimally invasive spine surgery can be daunting, and there are a few preliminaries which you need to get done before you are ready for surgery. These include:

• Discuss all the medication you are taking with your doctor, for pre-existing conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.
• Stop smoking if you do
• Follow the instructions given by your doctor, such as fasting for a period of 8 hours before the surgery, taking any premedication, undergoing any investigations to assess your level of fitness for surgery as well as avoiding any medication prior to surgery.

Once these aspects have been taken care of, you are ready for surgery.

Always have a detailed discussion with your doctor regarding your condition, and the different treatment options available to you. So that you can make a well informed decision on how you want to go forward with your treatment plan.

How do I recover from minimally invasive spine surgery?

The recovery from minimally invasive spine surgery depends on individual factors. But since this is minimally invasive the hospital stay is usually around 1-2 days compared to the 5-7 day stay that you will have if you undergo traditional open spine surgery. During the recovery period you will be introduced to a physical therapist, who will help you with mobility. Usually your doctor will ask you to walk unassisted the very next day following surgery although you will be asked to take things easy for about 4-6 weeks following surgery. Follow-up investigations such as X-rays and other imaging studies will be done in order to determine the success of surgery.

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) is a newfound, alternative method to the traditional open surgery which was used to manage various spinal conditions.

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Treatment by Best Spine Surgeon In Gurgaon

Lumbar spinal stenosis is generally a condition of older age. It significantly reduces the quality of life. For evaluating the exact cause and best treatment option, the patient should consult the spine surgeon in Gurgaon.

What Is Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?

Lumbar vertebrae form the lower part of the spine. This section of the spine bears the weight of the body and improves flexibility and movement. The spine is formed by the association of various vertebrae. These vertebrae are arranged in such as fashion to form a tunnel known as the spinal canal. The spinal cord runs through this spinal canal. Spinal cord requires optimum width of this canal to smoothly go through it.

In some cases, this spinal canal becomes narrow leading to compression of the spinal cord. Though the spinal canal can get narrow at any place throughout the spinal canal, most often it gets narrowed in the lumbar region. This condition is termed as lumbar spinal stenosis. Spinal stenosis compresses the nerves that innervate the muscles.

What Are The Causes Of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?

Following are some of the causes of lumbar spinal stenosis:

Tumors: Any abnormal growth inside the spinal canal may also cause spinal cord compression. These growths can be diagnosed through CT scan or MRI.

Thickened ligaments: Thickening and stiffing of the ligaments with time may cause spinal stenosis by bulging inside the spinal canal.

Bone overgrowth: Diseases such as Paget’s disease may cause bone overgrowth which may lead to spinal cord compression.

Herniated disk: Disk is the cushions present in between the vertebrae. These cushions, with age, ruptures and bulges into the spinal canal causing stenosis.

Spinal injuries: Spinal injury such as during accidents may cause vertebral dislocation which may alter the width of the spinal canal. Inflammation resulting from the spinal surgery also cause spinal stenosis.

Arthritis: Arthritis is one of the most common causes of spinal stenosis. Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis may cause this condition. Arthritis also results in an increased size of ligaments that further reduces the space for the spinal cord.

What Are The Symptoms Of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?

Some of the symptoms of lumbar spinal stenos  is include:

• Numbness and tingling sensation in legs.
• Weakness and cramping
• Reduced sexual functioning
• Moderate to severe pain in back
• Burning pain graduating from the buttocks to legs.
• Loss of control on bladder or bowel.
• Progressive pain
• Pain reduces during sitting or leaning forward
• “Foot drop” symptom

What Are The Risk Factors For Developing Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?

Following are some of the risk factors for spinal stenosis:

Age: Increasing age increases the risk of spinal stenosis. People over the age of 50 years generally suffer from this condition.

Underlying medical condition: Presence of various diseases such as Paget’s disease, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis increases the risk of lumbar spinal stenosis.

History of spinal surgery: People who have the medical history of having spinal surgery at increased risk of developing spinal stenosis.

How Is Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Diagnosed?

Various diagnosed approaches are available for diagnosing spinal stenosis. These include:

Medical History: Neurologists will comprehensively evaluate the medical history by asking a various question related to the symptoms and if the patient has undergone spinal surgery in the past. 

CT scan: Through Computed Tomography, the internal area of the spinal canal is viewed for any growth or nerve compression. CT scan is done by combining various X-ray images taken from different angles.

MRI: MRI provides a cross-sectional view of the spinal canal. It helps in identifying damage to ligaments and tumor growth.

X-rays: X-rays reveals any bony overgrowth inside the spinal canal that may compress the spinal cord.

What Are The Treatment Options For Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?

Treatment options for lumbar spinal stenosis include both non-invasive and invasive methods.

Non-invasive methods of treatment for spinal stenosis include:

• Analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications
• Physical therapy
• Steroidal injections
• Lumbar traction
• Chiropractic manipulation
• Acupuncture
• Anti-depressants and anti-seizure drugs

Invasive methods for treating spinal stenosis are:

• Laminoplasty
• Laminectomy
• Laminotomy
• Spinal fusion
• Minimally invasive surgery

How To Prevent Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?

Although there is no way to completely prevent the occurrence of lumbar spinal stenosis the following few measures would certainly reduce its risk.

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Proper sitting and sleeping posture
• Regular exercise

What Activities Should Be Avoided During Spinal Stenosis?

Following activities should be avoided to manage the symptoms of spinal stenosis:

• Lifting heavy weights
• Avoid standing or walking for a long period
• Avoid contact sports
• Avoid strenuous exercises

What Are The Complications Of Untreated Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?

If the symptoms of the spinal stenosis are not effectively managed and the condition remains untreated, this may lead to the following complications:

• Progressive pain, numbness, weakness and increased incidences of cramps
• Paralysis
• Urinary incontinence
• Poor coordination and balance

Peripheral Nerve Surgery By Best Neurologist In Gurgaon

What Is Peripheral Nerve Surgery?

Peripheral nerve surgery is a surgical process which is used for the treatment of chronic pain and peripheral nerve disorder such as nerve damage, nerve injury and nerve cancer. In this condition,the body continuously sends pain signals to the brain. Chronic pain also causesa burning and aching sensation in the affected area.

This process is performed under the general anesthesia but in some cases, local anesthesia and sedation are also used. Peripheral nerve surgery is done in two ways;

• Nerve grafting: in this technique surgeon will take a part of the nerve from a donor and attach it form the injured nerve.
• Nerve transfer: In this technique, a nearby working nerve is connected to the old and injured nerve.
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Which Diseases Require Peripheral Nerve Surgery?

• Brachial Plexus Injury: The brachial plexus is a network of a nerve which controls the movement and sensation of hand and arm through the spinal cord.  The brachial plexus injury is caused when the nerve is stretched and compressed and there is sudden damage in nerve. The patient may experience loss of sensations, weakness in arms, hand, and shoulder.
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:  It is a common condition which causes pain, tingling, and numbness in hand and arm. This condition is caused when the compression increases within the wrist on the major nerve of hand known as the median nerve.
• Cubital (Ulnar) Tunnel Syndrome:  Cubital tunnel syndrome is caused when the ulnar nerve of hand is stretched, and compressed. The patient may experience numbness and tingling sensation. This condition may also cause pain and soreness.
• Schwannomas: It is a type of tissue cancer which develops on the nerve sheath. The schwannomas occur in a special type of cellsknown asSchwann cell.
• Neurofibromas: Neurofibromas are a type of nerve tumor which causes a soft bump under the skin. Neurofibromas may develop inmajor and minor nerves of the body.

If you have any of the above diseases or symptoms, you should consult with the neurologist in Gurgaon

How Peripheral Nerve Surgery Is Performed?

Various tests are conducted by the neurosurgeon before performing the peripheral nerve surgery. It involves a detailed evaluation of the sensory and motor nerve functions. Sensation such as thermal sensation, tactile sensation, and pain are evaluated. The motor function evaluation includes grip strength and analyzing muscle strength and contraction.

Anesthetic agents such as bupivacaine are used along with the infusion pump to control post-operative pain. Proper drainage apparatus such as Jackson-Pratt drain is used to manage drainage after the operation.

The procedure of surgery depends upon the type of surgery recommended. The surgery may either be for nerve repair, nerve grafting or nerve transfer.

Nerve repair surgery can be performed when the distal and proximal end of a damaged nerve are close to each other and joining them does not cause any tension. If nerve repair has the risk of developing tension, other types of nerve surgeries can be advised.

In nerve grafting, the nerve of a donor is used to fill the gap between the proximal and distal end of the damaged nerve.

Another method is the nerve transfer in which a nearby non-critical nerve is used to fill the gap. The method is successful when either there is a large nerve gap or a proximal nerve injury or both.

What Is The Recovery Time After Peripheral Nerve Surgery?

The recovery of the patient after peripheral nerve surgery depends upon the type of nerve injury as well as the type of surgery done. A plaster cast is fitted after surgery to provide optimum relaxation to the nerve. The plaster cast may be revised 4-6 weeks after surgery, however, processes such as massage therapy, splinting, occupational therapy and psychological counseling should be continued. As soon as the power in the nerve is seen in the muscles related to repaired nerve, gentle exercise can be started.

What Are The Complications Of Peripheral Nerve Surgery?

To minimize the complications during peripheral nerve surgery, the patient should get the surgery done with the best neurologist in Gurgaon. Following are some of the complications of peripheral nerve surgery:

• Pulmonary complications: Pulmonary complications can be seen especially when the surgery is long and is under general anesthesia. The patient may experience pulmonary embolism, respiratory distress syndrome, and atelectasis.
• Post-operative hematoma: Excessive and releasable muscular dissection may lead to hematoma as this may create fistulae and bleeding points.
• New neurological defects: In some cases, New neurological effects may occur. This is most common in nerve surgeries involving removal of tumors.
• Risk of infection: As with other surgeries, peripheral nerve surgery also has the risk of infection especially when a larger area of tissues gets exposed.

All you need to know about Parkinson’s disease

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Parkinson’s disease is said to be a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, which mainly affects the motor system in the body. A degenerative disease is one which takes place gradually over time, where cells which produce a neurotransmitter known as dopamine within our brain, slowly get destroyed. The cause of this destruction remains unclear, but it is thought to have a genetic predisposition. This lack of dopamine in our body leads to motor symptoms, meaning that this disease manifests as difficulty and abnormalities related to movement. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease start off insidiously and then gradually worsen with time. As a result of its manifestations which include gradual onset stiffness of the muscles, weakness of the muscles, abnormality in the gait and so on, this disease is classified as a movement disorder.

The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease:

Since this disease progresses gradually, most patients will experience some common symptoms early in the disease, which includes:

• They will gradually develop a slowness which takes over all of their voluntary movements including something as simple as rolling over in bed or something as natural as walking.
• There can be other movements which are involved in the early stages, such as blinking movements, the ability to have different facial expressions, as well as your ability to articulate well during the speech.
• This disease also affects your gait and posture, which means the way your body is positioned when you stand and how you move when you walk, it mainly affects the manner in which you swing your arms while walking.
• You may experience some unsteadiness while walking, and there may be patients who experience difficulty in rising from a seated position, this occurs because they develop weakness in their proximal muscles, like the thighs.
• As the disease progresses all of these symptoms will worsen and they may develop other serious symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing as well as episodes of lightheadedness and fainting.

This disease is considered a serious neurological condition, because early on in the disease most of the symptoms are mild, and they do not affect people a lot. It is when the disease had progressed a lot and the symptoms have started to affect how these individuals function in their day to day life, that they think about consulting a doctor regarding Parkinson’s treatment. By then it has begun to have an impact on their daily lifestyles as well as their occupational and social lives.

Parkinson’s disease usually manifests as symptoms which can be grouped together as a result of how they are causes. And if you understand the reasons why patients develop these symptoms, you may be able to detect it in the early stages and seek help from a specialist regarding Parkinson’s treatment. These four categories include:

• Muscle rigidity: There are times when our body requires our muscles to be stiff and then there are times when our body requires our muscles to relax. The inability of the muscles in our body to relax and always remain contracted leads to the development of stiffness within the muscles, where the muscles tend to stay in one position. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease begins with this kind of stiffness which is usually experienced in the limbs and gives the individual a feeling of inability to move their limbs freely. This can even lead to muscle pain on certain occasions.
• Tremors: These are what most people tend to call the shivering movements. Shivering/tremors can be gross or fine tremors. In Parkinson’s disease, people develop fine tremors, such as rubbing of the thumb against the forefinger. With time as the disease progresses, the tremors tend to worsen and become more visible.
• Slowing of movements: There is loss of spontaneous activity and the ability to freely move as and when you like. This results because of the inability of the brain to transmit the necessary messages to the different parts of our body at the same speed on all occasions. Therefore at certain times, the patient will be alright, and the next minute the movements have been restricted. This can be quite disabling for most people.
• Altered gait: This again results because of the stiffness and the slowness of movements, where the patient has difficulty swinging their arms and legs freely. Therefore sharp and sudden movements may not be possible in these patients.

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Understanding Spine Surgery by Spine Surgeon In Gurgaon

What is the spine?

The spine or vertebral column in the human body comprises of two components. The bony vertebrae, which forms almost a tunnel like structure, and the spinal cord that runs through it. Therefore it is this bony structure or vertebral column that surrounds the spinal cord, which almost like a protective cover, helping to prevent the spinal cord from getting damaged during trauma which does not cause breaking of this cover. There are 33 vertebrae in total, divided into segments known as the cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacral spine and coccyx. Within the vertebral column, in-between these vertebrae, there is an intervertebral disc, which is a gel like substance that helps to act as a shock absorber and prevents the bodies of the vertebrae from rubbing against each other and causing pain.

The vertebral column in the human body therefore functions for three purposes, protection of the spinal cord, weight bearing and flexibility. And any damage to the bones of the spine or shifting of the intervertebral disc to either side within this column, will lead to an abnormality of the structure of the vertebral column, resulting most often in pain, because this abnormality is either compressing the nerves which are exiting the spine or compressing the spinal cord itself.

What problems can arise in the spine?

There a variety of problems which can arise in the spine, which may require you to see a specialist doctor, who only works with problems regarding the vertebral column and the spinal cord. This type of doctor is called a spine surgeon. Since the vertebral column, the spinal cord and the nerves that arise from the spinal cord, play a major role in determining how our body functions, it is important that you visit the best spine surgeon in Gurgaon, for medical advice, if you fear or suspect that you may be suffering from a problem which affects your spine.

Problems which arise in the spinal cord and vertebral column include:

• Infections of the bones of the vertebral column, or the layers which cover the spinal cord called the meninges.
• Fracture of the vertebrae which make up the vertebral column, either as a result of trauma or because of infections in the bone or bone tumors causing the bone to become weak and break off spontaneously.
• A slipped disc, which means that the gel like substance in between each vertebra has moved from its position right in the center to either side and is causing a narrowing within the vertebral canal which can lead to compression of the spinal cord and the nerves which are exiting the vertebral column at this point.
• Tumors of the spinal cord, although very rare can also be a problem for which you may require spine surgery.
• Those individuals who are suffering from spine deformities such as kyphosis and scoliosis, which are abnormalities regarding the curvature of the vertebral column, where there is increased curvature of the spine or an ‘S’ shaped curvature of the spine.

If you are suffering from any of the above mentioned problems, then it may mean that you need to get in touch with a spine surgeon in Gurgaon so that you can have it looked into in detail.

Symptoms of spinal cord problems:

People who are suffering problems in their spine can complain of a variety of symptoms. These include:

• Back pain, which can arise as a result of infections in the vertebrae, or compression of the spinal cord and the spinal nerves.
• They can experience sharp, radiating pain which travels along the back of the leg, a condition which is known as sciatica, and is a common problem which is diagnosed.
• Patients complain of numbness or tingling sensation which are present in their upper limbs as well as in the lower limbs which again can be the result of spinal cord or spinal nerve compression.
• Some people can even develop sudden onset paralysis in certain parts of their body, especially the upper and lower limbs which are more susceptible.
• It is also important to understand that the spinal nerves also play a role in innervating some of our internal organs such as our bowels and bladder. Therefore if there is any damage to these nerves people may experience loss of bowel and bladder control.

If you are suffering from any of these symptoms, it should prompt you to seek medical advice immediately, so that the correct management plan can be put in place and prevent the condition from progressing any further.

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