All you need to know about Parkinson’s disease

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Parkinson’s disease is said to be a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, which mainly affects the motor system in the body. A degenerative disease is one which takes place gradually over time, where cells which produce a neurotransmitter known as dopamine within our brain, slowly get destroyed. The cause of this destruction remains unclear, but it is thought to have a genetic predisposition. This lack of dopamine in our body leads to motor symptoms, meaning that this disease manifests as difficulty and abnormalities related to movement. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease start off insidiously and then gradually worsen with time. As a result of its manifestations which include gradual onset stiffness of the muscles, weakness of the muscles, abnormality in the gait and so on, this disease is classified as a movement disorder.

The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease:

Since this disease progresses gradually, most patients will experience some common symptoms early in the disease, which includes:

• They will gradually develop a slowness which takes over all of their voluntary movements including something as simple as rolling over in bed or something as natural as walking.
• There can be other movements which are involved in the early stages, such as blinking movements, the ability to have different facial expressions, as well as your ability to articulate well during the speech.
• This disease also affects your gait and posture, which means the way your body is positioned when you stand and how you move when you walk, it mainly affects the manner in which you swing your arms while walking.
• You may experience some unsteadiness while walking, and there may be patients who experience difficulty in rising from a seated position, this occurs because they develop weakness in their proximal muscles, like the thighs.
• As the disease progresses all of these symptoms will worsen and they may develop other serious symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing as well as episodes of lightheadedness and fainting.

This disease is considered a serious neurological condition, because early on in the disease most of the symptoms are mild, and they do not affect people a lot. It is when the disease had progressed a lot and the symptoms have started to affect how these individuals function in their day to day life, that they think about consulting a doctor regarding Parkinson’s treatment. By then it has begun to have an impact on their daily lifestyles as well as their occupational and social lives.

Parkinson’s disease usually manifests as symptoms which can be grouped together as a result of how they are causes. And if you understand the reasons why patients develop these symptoms, you may be able to detect it in the early stages and seek help from a specialist regarding Parkinson’s treatment. These four categories include:

• Muscle rigidity: There are times when our body requires our muscles to be stiff and then there are times when our body requires our muscles to relax. The inability of the muscles in our body to relax and always remain contracted leads to the development of stiffness within the muscles, where the muscles tend to stay in one position. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease begins with this kind of stiffness which is usually experienced in the limbs and gives the individual a feeling of inability to move their limbs freely. This can even lead to muscle pain on certain occasions.
• Tremors: These are what most people tend to call the shivering movements. Shivering/tremors can be gross or fine tremors. In Parkinson’s disease, people develop fine tremors, such as rubbing of the thumb against the forefinger. With time as the disease progresses, the tremors tend to worsen and become more visible.
• Slowing of movements: There is loss of spontaneous activity and the ability to freely move as and when you like. This results because of the inability of the brain to transmit the necessary messages to the different parts of our body at the same speed on all occasions. Therefore at certain times, the patient will be alright, and the next minute the movements have been restricted. This can be quite disabling for most people.
• Altered gait: This again results because of the stiffness and the slowness of movements, where the patient has difficulty swinging their arms and legs freely. Therefore sharp and sudden movements may not be possible in these patients.

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Understanding Spine Surgery by Spine Surgeon In Gurgaon

What is the spine?

The spine or vertebral column in the human body comprises of two components. The bony vertebrae, which forms almost a tunnel like structure, and the spinal cord that runs through it. Therefore it is this bony structure or vertebral column that surrounds the spinal cord, which almost like a protective cover, helping to prevent the spinal cord from getting damaged during trauma which does not cause breaking of this cover. There are 33 vertebrae in total, divided into segments known as the cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacral spine and coccyx. Within the vertebral column, in-between these vertebrae, there is an intervertebral disc, which is a gel like substance that helps to act as a shock absorber and prevents the bodies of the vertebrae from rubbing against each other and causing pain.

The vertebral column in the human body therefore functions for three purposes, protection of the spinal cord, weight bearing and flexibility. And any damage to the bones of the spine or shifting of the intervertebral disc to either side within this column, will lead to an abnormality of the structure of the vertebral column, resulting most often in pain, because this abnormality is either compressing the nerves which are exiting the spine or compressing the spinal cord itself.

What problems can arise in the spine?

There a variety of problems which can arise in the spine, which may require you to see a specialist doctor, who only works with problems regarding the vertebral column and the spinal cord. This type of doctor is called a spine surgeon. Since the vertebral column, the spinal cord and the nerves that arise from the spinal cord, play a major role in determining how our body functions, it is important that you visit the best spine surgeon in Gurgaon, for medical advice, if you fear or suspect that you may be suffering from a problem which affects your spine.

Problems which arise in the spinal cord and vertebral column include:

• Infections of the bones of the vertebral column, or the layers which cover the spinal cord called the meninges.
• Fracture of the vertebrae which make up the vertebral column, either as a result of trauma or because of infections in the bone or bone tumors causing the bone to become weak and break off spontaneously.
• A slipped disc, which means that the gel like substance in between each vertebra has moved from its position right in the center to either side and is causing a narrowing within the vertebral canal which can lead to compression of the spinal cord and the nerves which are exiting the vertebral column at this point.
• Tumors of the spinal cord, although very rare can also be a problem for which you may require spine surgery.
• Those individuals who are suffering from spine deformities such as kyphosis and scoliosis, which are abnormalities regarding the curvature of the vertebral column, where there is increased curvature of the spine or an ‘S’ shaped curvature of the spine.

If you are suffering from any of the above mentioned problems, then it may mean that you need to get in touch with a spine surgeon in Gurgaon so that you can have it looked into in detail.

Symptoms of spinal cord problems:

People who are suffering problems in their spine can complain of a variety of symptoms. These include:

• Back pain, which can arise as a result of infections in the vertebrae, or compression of the spinal cord and the spinal nerves.
• They can experience sharp, radiating pain which travels along the back of the leg, a condition which is known as sciatica, and is a common problem which is diagnosed.
• Patients complain of numbness or tingling sensation which are present in their upper limbs as well as in the lower limbs which again can be the result of spinal cord or spinal nerve compression.
• Some people can even develop sudden onset paralysis in certain parts of their body, especially the upper and lower limbs which are more susceptible.
• It is also important to understand that the spinal nerves also play a role in innervating some of our internal organs such as our bowels and bladder. Therefore if there is any damage to these nerves people may experience loss of bowel and bladder control.

If you are suffering from any of these symptoms, it should prompt you to seek medical advice immediately, so that the correct management plan can be put in place and prevent the condition from progressing any further.

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Spine Surgaon In Gurgaon - Dealing With Problems Of The Spine

Understanding the anatomy:

The human body is structures in such a way that our back bone or vertebral column has a significant role to play in the determining how our body functions. This is because it is our vertebral column which helps us stand up straight while walking, helps us carry the weight of our head and shoulders, and helps us bend forward and so on. Therefore it plays a role in a number of functions without which we would find it almost close to impossible to function normally in our day to day lives. This is because the vertebral column helps our body with three main functions which include weight bearing, flexibility and last but not least protection of the spinal which runs through it.

The vertebral column can be thought of a bony canal, the center of which is hollow and houses the spinal cord, which a continuation of the human brain. We have in total 33 different vertebrae which come together in order to make this single column, which in turn protects the spinal cord. Depending on the region in which these vertebrae are found, they are named as cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae.

If we are to understand how the spine functions and what kind of problems arise from it, it is important for us to have a slight idea about its structure, so that any symptoms which indicates you are suffering from a problem in your spine will prompt you to seek help from a spine surgeon in Gurgaon immediately.

The symptoms of spinal conditions:

People who are suffering problems in their spine can complain of a variety of symptoms. These include:

• Back pain, which can arise as a result of infections in the vertebrae, or compression of the spinal cord and the spinal nerves.
• They can experience sharp, radiating pain which travels along the back of the leg, a condition which is known as sciatica, and is a common problem which is diagnosed.
• Patients complain of numbness or tingling sensation which are present in their upper limbs as well as in the lower limbs which again can be the result of spinal cord or spinal nerve compression.
• Some people can even develop sudden onset paralysis in certain parts of their body, especially the upper and lower limbs which are more susceptible.
• It is also important to understand that the spinal nerves also play a role in innervating some of our internal organs such as our bowels and bladder. Therefore if there is any damage to these nerves people may experience loss of bowel and bladder control.

The spinal consultation:

Just like a consultation for any other ailment, even your consultation with a spine surgeon in Gurgaon will start off with the doctor obtaining a detailed history of the problem you are suffering from. In this case it is very important that you are precise about your symptoms, its duration and how it has progressed with time. Because all of these play a role in determining how severe your problem might be. Once your doctor has obtained the detailed history he/she will move onto a thorough examination, which includes checking the movement and sensation in your all your limbs. After the examination is done, even though your doctor will have a fairly good idea about the condition you have, he/she will ask you to undergo some investigations such as imaging of the spine, including X-ray of the spine or CT/MRI scan of the spine, which will help them have a clear picture of what is happening.

These investigations will help them determine the severity of the problem and also help them plan the way forward, with regards to the management plan they will want to put you in.

Is spine surgery dangerous?

Although it is very rare that doctors suggest for a patient to undergo spine surgery, it may be that the severity of your condition is such that it requires a drastic measure like spine surgery. Because in most cases of spine problems, including mild fractures of the vertebrae, bed rest and limitation of movements help to overcome the problem. In some cases you may have to have strict bed rest for as long as a couple of months.

Just like any other surgery, elsewhere in the body, spine surgery also carries with it its share of risks, but in the hands of a good spine surgeon in Gurgaon, you will be able to minimize them.

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Best neurosurgeon doctor in gurgaon, India - By DrVikasKathuria - My Desktop Nexus

Best neurosurgeon doctor in gurgaon, India - By DrVikasKathuria - My Desktop Nexus

Spine Tumor Surgery In Gurgaon By Best Spine Surgeon In Gurgaon and Rohtak

The fundamentals of spinal tumors:

Spinal tumors are abnormal growth of cells in and around the spinal cord. Spinal tumors are commonly due to deposits of cancer cells from elsewhere in the body, secondary/metastatic tumors, rather than primary tumors which arise from the spinal tissue itself. These tumors can be of two types, benign or malignant.

Spinal tumors are classified according to the region where they are found such as cervical, thoracic, lumbar or sacral tumors as well as their location within the spine such as intradural-extra-medullary, intramedullary and extradural.

The most common types of intradural-extramedullary tumor to affect the adult population are meningiomas, neurofibromas and ependymomas. Of the intramedullary type, the most common tumors are gliomas, ependymomas and lipomas. The most common extradural tumors are usually secondary deposits from elsewhere in the body or they can be schwannomas.

Primary spinal tumors are very rare, and the incidence is only around one spinal tumor for every intracranial tumor which occurs.

The causes: Although the cause for many of the primary spinal tumors remain unknown, some tumors such as spinal cord lymphomas are thought to arise as a result of a compromised immune system. The presence of genetic conditions such as Neurofibromatosis 2 and Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome has been associated with the development of spinal tumors.

When should I suspect that I have spinal cord tumor?

There a set of common symptoms, which patients who have been plagued by spinal tumors commonly complaint of. These include:

• Backache – which is by far the commonest symptom. Pain which is gradually increasing, worse at night and worsens with activity. If the tumor is compressing nerve roots, you may experience radiating pain shooting down your arms or legs, depending on the location.
• Tingling sensation or loss of sensation in your arms and legs
• Muscle weakness in the extremities
• Loss of bladder and bowel function
• Paralysis in certain areas of the body depending on the location of the tumor
• Deformities of the spine such as scoliosis

What are the treatment options available for spinal tumors?

Your treatment options for spine tumors include non-surgical methods and surgical methods. Non-surgical methods include radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Sometimes if the tumor has been found accidentally while investigating for other conditions, is still in its early stages and is not causing symptoms or disability, then watchful waiting, to see if it is growing bigger is also a form of treatment that some doctors may suggest. Because the risks of living with a tumor which is not growing outweighs the risks of undergoing surgery.

Radiation therapy is often used to treat metastatic spinal tumors or secondary deposits. It involves delivering doses of high energy radiation to those areas of the body affected by the tumor cells, in order to destroy the cells. The latest method of delivering radiation therapy uses an instrument called the cyber knife which uses a robotic arm in order to deliver focused high dose radiation to the spinal cord, and is thought to be extremely useful because of the flexibility of the arm, which makes it all the more precise.

Chemotherapy makes use of chemicals which are either taken orally or injected into a vein, which are then taken up by the tumor cells and causes slow destruction of these cells.

A variety of surgical methods are available for the treatment of spinal tumors. Which of these procedures a patient undergoes, will be decided by the doctor, depending on factors such as the type of spinal tumor the patient has, the exact location and size of it as well as patient factors such as the age and general health status of the patient. The different types of surgical procedures include:

• Laminectomy and Excision of Tumour – where the entire tumor or part of it is excised/removed along with part of the vertebral column in order to relieve the pressure on the spinal cord, because of which the spinal cord is being compressed and causing symptoms.
• Embolization – is a procedure which is most often used along with other techniques because it helps to shrink the tumor. It involves passing a catheter from the groin region to the blood vessels which supply the tumor and blocking these vessels using an embolic agent. This will cut off the blood supply to the tumor, prevent its growth, leading to a reduction in the size of the tumor.
• Spine stabilization surgery – which is used when your spine has become unstable because of the weakening of the vertebrae which make up the vertebral column, which houses the spinal cord. When the tumor has invaded the bone, the vertebrae can fracture and this requires stabilization using procedures such as kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty or the use of bone graft.
• Kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty – is the injection of bone cement into a fractured vertebra in order to make it stable. Spinal tumors which invade the bone make cause it weaken and break, and these bones then need to be stabilized using a bone like substitute.

How safe is surgery for spinal tumors?

Spinal surgery has evolved in more ways than one over the years. The advancement of technology and the availability of precision tools as well accurate imaging techniques, has led to development of unique surgical procedures which allow surgeons to access the spinal cord in less invasive ways than before. And even though there still is some risk involved with it, surgeons are able to keep it down to a minimum

As a result of which surgeons are able to perform more and more successful surgeries, which help the patients get back their quality of life. Because more than the risks involved with spinal surgery, the risks of opting out of surgery can be catastrophic to the patient, as it can end up with vertebral fractures and collapse, leading to spinal cord compression and even partial paralysis. So excision of the tumor at the right time is of utmost importance, and if you have the chance of getting rid of it once and for all, as is the case with benign tumors, then you couldn’t ask for more !

How different is spinal surgery from other surgeries performed?

All major surgeries will carry with them a certain amount of risk, because it involves general anesthesia, being unconscious for the duration of the surgery, an incision being made in your body and the insertion of instruments into your body. So any major surgery performed in any part of your body, will be a tough decision to make.

Spinal surgeries are different because they don’t involve a very large incision, and surgeons are always trying to make it as minimally invasive as possible, with the use of the most accurate tools making spinal surgeries much safer than they were in the days gone by. The risk of extensive bleeding which is present with other surgeries is minimal when compared to spinal surgeries because there are no major blood vessels which can easily be punctured during the surgery.

Since the symptoms of a spinal tumor can be very debilitating and distressing for the patient, more and more people are currently opting to undergo spinal tumour excision surgery, because they want to have a good quality of life.

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